Thursday, October 31, 2019
Issues affecting health care delivery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Issues affecting health care delivery - Essay Example The use of criminals for use in the Health Care system allows the Californian government to bring down the costs of the state government. Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger made a revelation that there was a twenty billion dollar budget deficient which needed to be cut down. By using those individuals who are not being hired by any other employer then this service can be hired by the IHSS program at a lesser rate than any other. With the help of this the budget for the 2010-2011 will be able to go down to 5.2 billion dollars which will be very effective in bringing down the costs of the entire scheme and help to promote the service (ANDERSON, 2010). There can be a debate as to whether the health care system will benefit from this type of a service. Having criminals take care of the elderly or other members of the community brings to mind serious questions regarding the safety of the public (Tim, 2010). This lowers the quality of the service but access may be higher as more people who have a criminal record will more likely go to join the program as a means to make money. This will allow more personnel on ground to be able to cater to the public. The issue allows for more of a challenge than anything else. The potential harm that individuals are put into as a result of the allowance for offenders to work with them will increase. There already have been cases where the previous offenders have shown signs and actions of relapse. There have been cases where the caregivers are being prosecuted for fraud, robbery and even identity theft (Blog, 2009). Behavior such as this shows that there are a large number of challenges that need to be overcome before the service is efficient and without fault. Opportunities are a lot less since there is a clear disdain for the courtââ¬â¢s decision to allow convicts to work with elderly people. Investigators and other concerned parties have cried to the legislators to do something about the current hiring system to lessen the
Tuesday, October 29, 2019
Letter to Congress Essay Example for Free
Letter to Congress Essay My name is â⬠¦ and I am writing as your constituent in the 53rd Congressional district of California. I am writing to ask you to cosponsor Rep. John Conyers Expanded and Improved Medicare for All Act (H.R. 676). United States House of Representatives Bill Number 676 is the proposed U.S. legislation to establish single-payer health care, improved Medicare for All, in the United States. It will establish lifelong, comprehensive coverage for health care. A single-payer system would take the charge of insurance premiums off of employers and put it on the people as a nation, where it belongs. I cant think of a more pro-business step that Congress could take at this time. Its also the right thing to do, the humane thing to do. Obamacare doesnt address the lack of sustainability of our healthcare system. It wonââ¬â¢t keep insurance prices down, more than 30 million people will remain uninsured, and insurance companies will manipulate their way out of any imposed regulations. We will no longer be paying for a system that wastes $400 billion in excessive administrative costs, more of our health care dollars will be spent on health care, and more of the doctors and nurses time will be spent on caring for people. The result will be more time spent on prevention and wellness and the U.S. dramatically raising its life expectancy. As a Registered Nurse who has been employed at various managed care payers, I know firsthand the corruption and abuse that is typical of health insurance companies. It is political corruption that has allowed this situation to continue. Right now Congress and the President are fighting over how much to slash Medicare and Medi-Cal/Medicaid benefits. The American people dont want to see this happen. National, single-payer healthcare (H.R. 676) is pro-business, and pro-people. Please co-sponsor today. Thank you for your time and attention.
Sunday, October 27, 2019
How to Have Effective Communitcation
How to Have Effective Communitcation Lets throw some light upon what Communication is all about: According to Allen, Communication is the sum of all the things, one person does when he wants to create understanding in the mind of others. It is the bridge of meaning. It involves a systematic and continuous process of telling, listening and understanding. IMPORTANCE OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION: Effective communication is important because one needs to express his ideas clearly and needs to be understood very clearly while communicating. The receiver should understand the message in the same perception as intended by the sender of the message. This is what we call an effective communication. Interestingly though, there are other facets to effective communication when it comes to written communication, popularly known as Seven Cs of Effective Communication. THE IMPORTANCE OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION IN AN ORGANISATION: Communication is the key to motivation, it helps in informing and illuminating the employees about the task to be carried out, the manner they should be performing their task, and how to improve their performance if it is not up to the mark. An Effective Communication is the best source of information to the members of organization for decision-making process as it helps identifying and evaluate alternative course of actions. Communication also plays a fundamental role in altering an individuals attitude, i.e., a well informed individual will have better attitude than a less-informed individual. Organizational magazines, journals, meetings and various other forms of oral and written communication help in moulding employees attitudes. Communication also helps in socializing. In todays life the only presence of another individual fosters communication. Human is a social animal and survival without communication is neither possible nor fruitful. Communication also assists in controlling process in a big way. It helps controlling organizational members behavior in various ways. It is the art of getting work done. There are various levels of hierarchy, certain principles and guidelines that employees must follow in an organization. They must comply with organizational policies, perform their roles efficiently and communicate any work problem and grievance to their superiors. Thus, communication helps in controlling function of management. TYPES OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION: Letters Memos Circulars Bulletin Reports Instruction cards Manuals In Order to perfect the art of written communication, we have a helping hand known as the Seven Cs Of Communication The principles advocated by Francis J. Bergin. These principles provide guidelines for choice of content, style of presentation, how much is too much etc. Lets take tour of the same. THE SEVEN Cs OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATON For transmitting effective communication written or oral messages, certain principles must be followed. These principles advocated by Francis J. Bergin. Bergin provides guidelines for choice of content and style of presentation adapted to the purpose the receiver of the message. They are also called as Seven Cs of communication. They are: Completeness Conciseness Clarity Correctness Concreteness Consideration Courtesy COMPLETENESS Every communication must be complete and adequate. Incomplete messages keep the receiver guessing, creates misunderstanding and delay actions. Every person should, therefore, be provided with all the required facts and figures. For example, when the factory supervisor instructs workers to produce, he must specify the exact size, shape, quality and cost of the product. Any assumptions behind the message should also be clarified. While answering a letter, all the questions raised in the letter must be replied. A complete message offers the following benefits: Complete messages are more likely to bring the desired results without the expense of additional messages. They can do a better job of building goodwill. Messages that contain information the receiver needs show concern for others. Complete messages can help advert costly lawsuit that may result if information is missing. Communication that seems inconsequential can be surprisingly important if the information they contain is complete and effective. It is advised that while answering a letter one should make sure that all the questions are answered. The message is not complete, if it fails to answer questions like : What is the meeting about? When is it? and Where? CONCISENESS In business communication, you should be brief and able to say whatever you have to say in fewest possible words without sacrificing the other C qualities. A concise message is complete without being wordy. Conciseness is desired because of the following benefits: A concise message saves time and expense for both sender and receiver. Conciseness contributes to emphasis; by eliminating unnecessary words, you let important ideas stand out. When combined with a YOU-VIEW, concise message are inherently more interesting to recipients as they avoid unnecessary information. There is no hard and fast rule for the length of a letter. A two page letter seems short, while a ten line letter may seem all too long depending upon the event and situation. CLARITY The message should be put in simple terms to ensure clarity. Words must mean the same thing to receiver as they do the sender. Complex issues must be compressed in to themes, slogans or stereotypes that have simplicity and clarity. In order to ensure clarity in oral communications, you should use accurate and familiar words with proper intonation, stresses and pauses. Thoughts should be clear and well organized. The important considerations in attaining clarity are as follows: Choose precise, concrete and familiar simple words. Construct effective sentences and paragraphs. In short, simple and short words are more effective than pompous and heady words. Using the K-I-S-S Method Keep It Short and Simple! If the message does not help recognizes who actually the person is? It may be possible to have many people with same name in an organisation. What great work he/she has done? When? And what he/she is expected to do now? It is not a clear message. CORRECTNESS The term correctness, as applied to business messages means right level of language and accuracy of facts, figures and words. If the information is not correctly conveyed, the sender will lose credibility. Transmission of incorrect information to superior will vitiate decision making process. Transmission of incorrect messages, grammatical errors should also be avoided. All the messages must be transmitted and responded to at the most appropriate time. Outdated information is useless. Since communication is an expensive process, transmitting outdated information involves wastage of time, money and human resources. The principle of correct timing also stipulates that you communicate your message at a time when it is likely to prove most effective. CONCRETENESS Concreteness of messages is an essential requirement of effective communication. It means being specific, definite, and vivid rather than vague and general. In oral communication, we cant draw tables, diagrams, or graphs to make our statement vivid, but we can precise words to convey the correct messages and support it by relevant facts and figures. If the message is specific, there would be increased likelihood that the message is interpreted by the receiver as intended by sender. For sending concrete messages, the following guidelines should be followed: Use concrete expressions. Use specific facts and figures. Put action in your verbs. Choose vivid, image-building words. Facts lend credibility to our communication since it is not possible to refute them. Concrete expressions create visual images that are easy to register. So instead of vague, generalized statements, definite facts should be given. The statements with no passion, no vivid detail, having nothing that creates emotion and nothing that tells people in the audience why they should care does not work well. CONSIDERATION Consideration means preparing the message with the receiver in mind. In order to communicate effectively, the sender should think and look from the receivers angle. He should adopt a humane approach and understand the emotions and sentiments of the receiver. The socio-psychological background of the receiver must be understood. The golden rule First understand than be understood should be followed. It should be noted that consideration underlies the other 6 Cs of the communication. Four special ways to indicate considerations are as follows: Focus on You instead of I and We. Show audience benefit or interest in the receiver. Emphasis positive, pleasant facts. Show empathy. Ask how you would feel if you were to receive this message. Consideration also requires emphasizing positive and pleasant facts. To say no, sorry,regret,disagree should not be used in direct and straight forward manner. COURTESY Courtesy stems from a sincere you-attitude. It is not merely politeness with mechanical insertions of please and thank you, although applying socially accepted manners is a form of courtesy. Rather it is politeness that grows out of respect and concern for others. In business discussions, you should say things with force and assertiveness without being rude. The following guidelines should be observed to ensure courtesy: Thank generously for a favour. When someone does a favour to us, acknowledge it promptly and thank the person. Apologize for an omission. If you had committed a mistake, express regret promptly and sincerely. Avoid irritating expressions. Words and expressions having negative connotation should not be used in the message. Use of non-discriminatory expressions that reflect equal treatment of people regardless of gender, race, ethics, origin and physical features. Below mentioned are some useful guidelines to advice staff members in the organization on how to best communicate effectively: 12 guidelines: Take sufficient time to effectively communicate. Care. Learn to be empathic. Be honest and sincere. One of the cruelest things one can do to another person is to not acknowledge that person. Develop a sense of belonging when interacting with others. Be welcoming and inclusive. Regularly, in your daily life, interact with persons whose culture, race, ethnicity and other identifiers and important characteristics are different than your own. Welcome persons with disabilities. Person with a disability is the preferred manner of speech, versus disabled person. Place the person before the disability. Spend quality time with persons whose backgrounds are different than yours. Set an example by being welcoming and inclusive to everyone. Learn to pronounce names correctly. Make a concerted effort to do so and to remember names.
Friday, October 25, 2019
The Affliction in the Middle Ages :: Diseases Medical Health Essays
The Affliction in the Middle Ages Disease and death are most often associated with the Middle Ages because of the widespread plagues and ignorance of medical knowledge during that time period. It is difficult, however, to ascertain the true nature of illness in the early Medieval Ages because in some written sources, the authorââ¬â¢s standpoint distorts the presentation of the disease or cause of a personââ¬â¢s death so that the biological cause is skewed and unattainable. Gregory of Tours, for example, writes about two priests of Sidonius Apollinaris who rebelled against him. Both of these priests died very close to the same time of Sidoniusââ¬â¢ death. The first priest died while in the lavatory and the second priest died while listening to a servantââ¬â¢s vision. For the causes of both deaths Gregory gives the credit to God, saying ââ¬Å"the Lord passed this earthly judgement on those two unruly priestsâ⬠(135). Details about the deaths are not given, but according to Gregory, they are irrelevant because the deaths were acts from God. For the first priest, he writes, ââ¬Å"he went off to the lavatory and while he was occupied in emptying his bowels he lost his soul insteadâ⬠(134). Moreover, he compared the death to that of Ariusââ¬â¢, who was considered a heretic and ââ¬Å"in the same way emptied out his entrails through his back passage in the lavatory,â⬠which signifies that Gregory thinks both men died due to heresy ag ainst God (134). Gregory even says that ââ¬Å"God in his clemency did not permit this insult to go long unpunishedâ⬠(134). It is evident that the affliction, according to Gregory, is due to Godââ¬â¢s hand. Gregory is writing from a Christian standpoint and is a bishop who greatly admired Sidonius, described here as ââ¬Å"saintlyâ⬠and an ââ¬Å"angelâ⬠. Gregoryââ¬â¢s agenda is such that he would want to publicize the sins of Sidoniusââ¬â¢ enemies while also glorifying God. This may lead him to give transcendent causation for the deaths of these priests. Since the priests and Sidonius died at around the same time, one would think that there is a possibility that they could have died from the same kind of illness. Also, since Arius and the first priest both died while emptying their bowels, it is not entirely improbable that they had been suffering from some type of intestinal or digestive disease that may have been prevalent in the time period.
Thursday, October 24, 2019
Crime Against Women in Ncr Essay
The Delhi-NCR region has thrown up numerous such instances of police apathy in rape cases. When asked to explain the rising instances of rape, the cops have invariably blamed the women, an array of extraneous factors or resorted to specious arguments instead of looking inwards and focusing on police reforms. The most disturbing aspect of this is the rank misogyny that underlies it. Crime against National Capital Region is alarming. Usually every day a single case of rape is reported in every city area of India. So it is wrong to say NCR alone. But The National Capital Region has become a hub for rapes and sexual assaults. In 2010, as many as 414 rape cases were reported in Delhi, the highest among 35 major cities in the country. At least three women were raped or molested in the national capital. A total of 128 cases of molestations and rapes were reported from Delhi, Noida and Ghaziabad in the first 45 days of the year. Delhi/NCR Often been called the rape capital of India. Why is Delhi Indiaââ¬â¢s most dangerous city for women? May be because Chaotic growth, bad policing and a judicial system close to collapse. Recently A 23-year-old girl was allegedly abducted and gang-raped in a moving car by a neighbor and his friends in Noida A woman was gang raped by five youths, who also thrashed her boyfriend in Kamla Nehru Nagar in Ghaziabad.à A 14-year old girl was raped by a neighbor in Mehrauli in south Delhi. And The 23-year-old Girl, who worked at a pub in a mall in Gurgaon, had alleged that she was sexually assaulted by a group of six men. In view of gang rape incidents recently in Gurgaon Police tells women Donââ¬â¢t work after 8pm: Deputy Commissioner P. C. Meena has issued many Doââ¬â¢s and Donââ¬â¢ts to women to avoid eve-teasing and molestation. What tops his list is the criteria that women should not be out in the public after 8 PM. As per to his orders, now shopping mall and pub owners and those running shops and commercial establishments have been asked to not to keep women employees on duty beyond 8 in the evening. If women employees are detained on duty after that, it should be with the permission of the Labour department. Instead of implementing stringent laws to curb the few rapists out there, the Gurgaon Police decided to uproot all the women from their work places by 8ââ¬â¢o clock in the evening. This curfew clearly reflects the authorityââ¬â¢s attitude towards women. There is an obvious attempt to restrain womenââ¬â¢s freedom, but apart from that legitimizing 8 PM as the standard time for women to be out of the public areas has rather put them in more danger. Instead of ensuring for safety for women, the Gurgaon police have imposed limitations on them. He said women employee are deputed on duty during the night shift, that is, after 8PM, her safe transportation from her home to place of duty and vice versa will be the responsibility of the employer who will have to keep a daily record of the vehicle used, its registration number, time of departure, name of driver who is entrusted the task of picking up or dropping the women employees. Meena made it worse by stating that if these instructions were not followed, then case will be registered against the pub and mall owner as well. What the Gurgaon police seems to have did is giving a free pass to the rapists to do their thing post 8 in the night. Any woman now who is out after the official curfew of 8 would do nothing but ââ¬Ëinviteââ¬â¢ men to sexually harass her. The police forces have shed their responsibilities of making Gurgaon safer by playing the classic card of holding the women responsible for being raped. Who are responsible for all this Our society is deeply gendered Apart from physical abuses, psychological violence against women in the form of social insults, coercion in family, eve teasing in streets and public transports on daily basis is not less humiliating, On the reason behind such violence against women, he says that violent behavior against women does not erupt all of a sudden. Men and women undergo different process of socialization. Men take up gendered roles that by themselves involve domination and control, where as women are assigned roles that involve submission.â⬠Moreover, women are portrayed as an inferior sex which is the reason why many go for female infanticide, rape, molestation.IN rape cases, where the victim does not come out and report due to fear of humiliation, social stigma etc. laws not strong enough One can ask that why such incidental are taking place? Doesnââ¬â¢t the govt have enough laws to stop such atrocities? Isnââ¬â¢t the society is not mature enough to deal with such things. Combined with a judicial system on the point of collapse, where cases routinely take years to be processed, and an almost total lack of modern forensic capability on the part of investigators, it is easy to see why the stringent rape laws are not a major deterrent. ââ¬Å"Government needs to contemplate devising three-prong policy. Drastic change in our legal system, strengthening law enforcement agencies to deliver quicker results have to be backed by social reforms and investment in social sector.â⬠he further added. Our Policing: One main reason behind the crime against women in NCR is Lack of Police personnel. We donââ¬â¢t have sufficient police personnel to tackle the criminals. About Half number of police personnel are deputed in the service of our minister. The other reason is the thinking of our police, A great number of policemen believe that what a woman wears is one of the reasons for rape. They say ââ¬Å"do rapes really happenâ⬠? Many policemen are not even sure. Recognition of a crime as heinous as rape is something the police in the NCR do not appear to have come to terms with. Some of the Statement of our Policemen which shows their thinking. . Many cops think that it is ok to judge the victim of rape and blame them rather than dealing with the crime. But, what about the numerous 2 year olds who are raped? what about the young school girls who are raped? what did THEY do to bring it on themselves? So itââ¬â¢s time the police wake up and make public spaces safe for women. Ways to reduce Crime Against Women Changing the outlook of the society is the best way. But it is a very long process. For immediate results girls have to believe that they are still living in a very conservative society. The place where they are living or their friend circle is not their society. One has to consider the whole area / city where they are moving to reach their off/ college as a society and then judge it. Girls should act accordingly. I do believe that precaution is always better than cure. women should take as much precautions as they can specially when they are moving alone using a public transport or a two wheeler. Following steps Should be taken : 1. Police and Government Sensitivity: State agencies should stop ââ¬Ëblaming the victimââ¬â¢ and shift the responsibility onto the state agencies mandated to protect womenââ¬â¢s rights. They should refrain at all times from making any gender-insensitive statements and character assault of women. Strict actions should be taken against such statements be made in the public sphere. We demand respect and dignity of all women. 2. Monitoring: CCTVââ¬â¢s in rape prone areas in Delhi, Noida and Gurgaon. CCTV Should also be installed in parking, the place from where the women employees boarded the vehicle, there so that it can be ascertained that the woman was not lifted forcibly. 3. Increase in deployment of police: Immediate and sustainable preventive mechanisms should be designed and adopted in the National Capital Territory Region, which can act as a deterrent to future such incidents. This should also include, increasing the frequency of the patrolling of the PCR vans and increased traffic vigilance in all areas 4. Sexual assault prevention and redressal policy: The Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for sexual assault cases should be drafted with immediate effect and ensure that support from relevant other service providers (government & non-government) be effectively implemented in every case thereon. The SOPs should also ensure strict adherence for procedures to be followed and address any violations with strict actions thereon. Immediate actions against relevant police personnel on dereliction of duty should be made mandatory. Fast Track Courts on cases of Sexual Assault for immediate redressal and effective justice delivery to be ensured. 5. Womenââ¬â¢s help lines: Emergency numbers like 1901 should be monitored by women ââ¬â which makes it easier for the victim to explain her problem/situation. Victimââ¬â¢s privacy should be respected. These numbers should be advertised through posters and billboards in all three cities. 6. Workplace safety: The Government must ensure procedures for accountability in all workplace to follow strict safety mechanism. 7. Awareness: The state needs to campaign against sexual harassment ââ¬â public messaging on womenââ¬â¢s rights, shift male perspective of women, display hotlines and safety procedures all over the city. 8. Girls should Avoid Dangerous Situations: * Be aware of surroundings. Knowing where you are and who is around you may help you to find a way to get out of a bad situation. * Try to avoid isolated areas. It is more difficult to get help if no one is around. * Walk with purpose. Even if you donââ¬â¢t know where you are going, act like you do. * Trust your instincts. If a situation or location feels unsafe or uncomfortable, it probably isnââ¬â¢t the best place to be. * Make sure your cell phone is with you and charged and that you have cab money. * Try to think of an escape route. How would you try to get out of the room? Where are the doors? Windows? Are there people around who might be able to help you? Is there an emergency phone nearby? * If you and/or the other person have been drinking, you can say that you would rather wait until you both have your full judgment before doing anything you may regret later. Conclusion: The city being one of the most important metros of India should have been much secured for its citizens. However the main causes behind the increased crime rate in Delhi/NCR are the lack of awareness of its residents, careless approach of Delhi Police and indifference of Delhi chief minister who is herself a lady. Delhi police can put an end on the crime incidents by responding more promptly and sensibly to each and every case reported at the police stations. Also political intervention in criminal incidents should be strictly cut off to ensure the cityââ¬â¢s safety and security.
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Is Democracy the Best Form of Political System?
Although there are many virtues to enjoy about democracy and democratic forms of government and political systems, this form of government has still many impending challenges yet to be accomplished. In that sense, I agree with Winston Churchill, on the grounds that ââ¬Å"democracy is the worst form of government except all the others that have been triedâ⬠(Churchill). Looking at democracy through both its weaknesses and strengths in comparison to other forms of government makes it evident that it is the best form of political system we have, democracy has been subject to problems with, tyranny of the minority, and collective action.Despite all the democratic weaknesses of this form of government, democracy is still highly consistent in terms of Unpredictable outcomes, managing diversity. Lipset, in Political Man, described democracy as ââ¬Å" a political system which supplies regular constitutional opportunities, and a social mechanism which permits the largest possible part of the population to influence major decisions by choosing among contenders for political officeâ⬠(Glazer). This definition is generally accepted in a democratic heaven in which the heavenly chorus does not sing with a strong upper-class accent (lecture), but this is not always the case.Despite the democratic institutions based on the principle of equal opportunity, political power is not always distributed equally in a democracy. This is clearly seen in India where the ââ¬Å"high cost of campaigning and the opaque system of election finance have titled the electoral odds heavily in favour of the very rich or the easily corruptedâ⬠(Ronjoy Sen 90). Although, similar problems can be found in other forms of governments and political system, what differentiates democracy from other regimes is how it manages to deal with those problems.For instance, in Germanyââ¬â¢s authoritarian Fascist regime, ââ¬Å"Hitler was very much his own masterâ⬠(Henry Turner), and his war aims eventually led Germany to a world war conflict. By comparing Fascist Germany to Indiaââ¬â¢s corrupt democracy, it is clearly demonstrated while, ââ¬Å"small groups of leader have the final say in all important mattersâ⬠(Sen), democracy is still a political system which allows the largest part of the population to influence major decisions. This is best illustrated when ââ¬Å"Indiaââ¬â¢s unpopular BJP Party lost power nationally in an electionâ⬠(Nathan Glazer 18).Not every democracy will succeed in dealing with challenges of tyranny of minority and corruption, but democratic forms of government have institutions which offer capacity to change leaders in response to public discontent without changing the system. Collective action is a classical challenge in democracy and democratic forms of government. According to Blais, one of the main criteria for assessing electoral systems is representativeness. ââ¬Å"This guarantees an electoral system in which the vote reflects as precisely as possible citizenââ¬â¢s preferencesâ⬠(Blais 5).However, one of the challenges of a democratic electoral system is even if we have the right to express our views; we would not take advantage of it. As Olson in the article A Theory of Groups and Organization, notes, ââ¬Å"Individuals in any group attempting collective action will have incentives to free ride if the group is working to provide public goodsâ⬠(Olson). This is because the information cost of researching different candidates makes voting irrational, since the benefits of voting are not entirely clear.As a result, this promotes free riding, and a democratic government which vote does not reflect citizenââ¬â¢s preferences. Ifâ⬠¦ then not only it will be difficult by large groups to achieve their interests in common, but situations could occur where small groups can take over the majorityââ¬â¢s incentives. However, what differentiates a democratic form of government from a tota litarian communist a regime is how it deals with the collective action problem with the help of institutional features such as courts.Courts are important political players in democracy. They are expected to moderate, and deal with challenges of democratic politics, not a setting for Stalinââ¬â¢s show trials. As Nathan Glazer put it, ââ¬Å"Courts are accepted as ultimate arbiters not to be irresponsibly challenged. They can take unpopular positions that elected representative bodies cannot or do not, and in doing so they sustain the liberal objectives of democraciesâ⬠(Nathan Glazer 19). Democracy is mainly about unpredictable outcomes.What makes democracy highly consistent is not knowing what the next election turnout will be, but having confidence that the candidate with a majority of votes would be elected. The essential goal of democracy is to provide a fair degree of uncertainty. What makes this form of government unique in contrast to Chinaââ¬â¢s authoritarian regi me is its ability to allow an alternation of power. For instance, in a democratic election, as Andre Blais had noted, ââ¬Å"Losers believe that even though they may have lost this time there is a real possibility that they will win another time.Because, even though they do not like the outcome, they recognize that the procedure is legitimateâ⬠(Blais 3). This raises the question under what conditions; losers peacefully accept the outcome of the election? One can argue that it is due to the fact that democracy is centered on the rule of the law as opposed to the rule of man. Democratic forms of government and political systems are structured by institutions and these institutions direct how political parties function.In example, they determine how legislation passes through parliament or when a citizen is eligible to vote. Therefore, what makes democracy unpredictable in terms of outcome is the perception that each vote counts the same since laws are submitted to all citizens a nd are protected by the constitution. But in the case of Chinaââ¬â¢s authoritarian regime, as premier Li Peng put it, ââ¬Å"to allow the demonstrating students to negotiate with party and government as equal would be to negate the leadership of the CCP and negate the entire socialist partyâ⬠(Andrew Nathan 39).This makes it more likely the alteration of power in China, should it come, will occur through a rupture, since an authoritarian ââ¬Å"regime is unwilling to relax the ban on autonomous political forcesâ⬠(Nathan 39). We live in a diverse world and globalization has only made diversity within nations and states more prominent. Democracies and democratic forms of government perform a better job of administrating and managing diversity. This is best exemplify when Nathan Glazer, in the article Democracy and Deep Divides, states, ââ¬Å"Not every democracy will succeed in dealing with its deep divides.But democracy has institutional features which offer the hope th at every part of the population will feel part of the wholeâ⬠(Glazer 19). What differentiates democracy from Hitlerââ¬â¢s anti-Semitic regime or Chinaââ¬â¢s repressive government is how it deals with managing diversity. Democratic forms of government ââ¬Å"promise to address deep divisions more successfully than any alternativeâ⬠(Glazer) because there are often times characterized by their moderating power.Democracies function to maintain moderate accesses and radicalism, by adhering to norms of inclusion; this ensures citizens are included in a political process whether in terms of voting, engaging in a civil society movement , or having the rights to express ideas in terms of freedom of press and assembly. However, in a non-democratic government like Chinaââ¬â¢s authoritarian regime ââ¬Å"civil society organization and religious groups have to keep a low profile in order to avoid repressionâ⬠(Nathan 38).According to Nathanââ¬â¢s Authoritarian Imperma nence, this is because ââ¬Å"the regime has not become enmeshed in the logic of institutions created as safety valves to preserve its ruleâ⬠(Nathan). As Andrew Nathan once remarked, ââ¬Å"Democratic regimes, by contrast, often elicit disappointment and frustration, but they confront no rival from that outshines them in prestige. Authoritarian regimes in this sense are not forever. They live under the shadow of the future, vulnerable to existential challenges that mature democratic systems do not faceâ⬠(Nathan 38).Democracy and democratic forms of government and political system have been subject to challenges of tyranny of minority, and collection. Despite the democratic weaknesses of this form of government, democracy is still highly consistent in terms of unpredictable outcomes, and managing diversity. Similar problems can be found in other regime types like Chinaââ¬â¢s authoritarian regime, Hitlerââ¬â¢s Fascist Germany, and Stalinââ¬â¢s totalitarian communi st regime. What differenciates democracy from other forms of government is how it deals with those problems by the help of free political parties, contested elections, and court.
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